Cognitive Science Laboratory
Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field that investigates intelligence, the mind, and brain functions, drawing on disciplines such as philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, cognitive neuroscience, and cognitive psychology.
The Cognitive Science Research Center at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)—supported by distinguished faculty members including Dr. Seyed Rouhollah Hosseini, Dr. Ali Ghanaei, Dr. Javad Salehi Fadardi, Dr. Imanollah Beigdeli, and Dr. Ali Mashhadi—conducts advanced research on brain structure and function. The center aims to translate scientific findings into clinical, rehabilitative, and therapeutic applications.
The Cognitive Science Laboratory, established in March 2017 under the supervision of Dr. Beigdeli, is equipped with specialized hardware and software for neuroscience research and cognitive assessment.
A. Cognitive Devices and Technologies
- QEEG Device
Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) is a system used to assess and measure brain waves and their related characteristics. In this method, multiple electrodes (typically 19), arranged systematically on a cap, are placed on the scalp to record brain activity. QEEG captures brain waves in various states, including eyes closed, eyes open, and during a cognitive task such as reading. The recorded signals are then processed by a computer, segmented by frequency, and displayed in different colors according to the intensity of activity. These outputs appear as color-coded brain maps, accompanied by numerical tables and graphs for specialized analysis.
Each type of brain wave has a standard range that varies only by age and gender. Normal activity is displayed in green, while abnormal activity appears in purple, indigo, and blue for underactivity, and in yellow, orange, and red for overactivity. By examining these maps and comparing them to normative databases, brain function can be systematically evaluated.
- Eye-Tracking Device
The Eye Tracking System is used in behavioral research to analyze eye movements, saccadic speed, and pupil/corneal positions. This technology is particularly valuable in the study of visual attention in children and adults, especially within learning and language-related domains.
- ProComp5 Biofeedback and Neurofeedback System (5 Channels)
The ProComp5 device can record five physiological parameters simultaneously from a selection of over ten measurable signals, making it suitable for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
The device contains two high-precision channels (Sample Rate: 2048 Hz) for sensitive parameters such as EEG, EKG, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HR/BVP), and surface electromyography (sEMG), and three additional channels (Sample Rate: 256 Hz) for slower signals such as respiration, temperature, skin conductance, and force. Each of the five channels can record any available parameter. Data can also be stored offline on a memory card, making the device ideal for research requiring long-term physiological monitoring.
B. Cognitive Sensors
- Complete Biofeedback Sensor Set
- EEG-Z Sensor: records EEG signals on all ProComp models with impedance-checking capability.
- EEG Flex/Pro Sensor: records EEG signals on all ProComp models without impedance-checking capability.
- Heart Rate / BVP Sensor: used to measure heart rate and blood pressure through blood volume changes beneath the skin. The sensor is attached to a finger using a specialized strap and provides highly accurate recordings due to its sensitivity.
- MyoScan-Pro v2 sEMG Sensor: a key sensor for biofeedback therapy in anxiety disorders and rehabilitation. It is effective in treating various pain conditions (e.g., knee, back, and neck pain). The sensor is available in three models with different display modes and supports switching, filtering adjustment (0–400 μV), and impedance checking.
- Skin Conductance Sensor: measures electrodermal activity using two straps placed around the fingers or toes, with internal electrodes in contact with the skin. It is widely used in stress and anxiety biofeedback therapy.
- ECG/EKG Sensor: records the electrical activity of the heart and is useful in the evaluation of stress, anxiety, and heart-rate irregularities. It can be attached either to the chest or to the wrist with an adjustable strap for convenience.
- Respiration Sensor: a high-sensitivity latex belt worn around the chest or abdomen to measure muscle contractions and breathing amplitude. It helps individuals regulate their breathing patterns by providing animated visual feedback.
- ProComp2 Neurofeedback System: ProComp2 device records two parameters simultaneously (EEG or other physiological signals). Key features include:
- Lightweight and portable amplifier
- Simultaneous use for neurofeedback and biofeedback (includes one internal EEG sensor)
- High-resolution EEG recording with minimal noise
- Fiber-optic data transmission to eliminate environmental interference
- High-precision electrode impedance checking
- Global power-line noise filtering
- Wireless connectivity up to 100 meters
- Suitable for sports science research
- Automatic and manual threshold adjustment
- Highly flexible software with automatic/manual artifact removal and data export to Excel, MATLAB, etc.
- Customizable screens according to user needs
- Specialized software suites include: EEG Suite, Ergonomic Suite, Physiology Suite, Stress Control Suite, Z-Score Suite, and additional animation packages such as AVI Animation and BioFun.
- tDCS Device (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation)
This device applies direct electrical current (1–3 mA) via two electrodes placed on the scalp. Current flows from the anode to the cathode, and higher intensities produce stronger effects. Electrodes typically range from 25 to 35 cm² and are moistened with water, saline solution, or conductive gel to ensure proper contact.
- V.E (Audio-Visual Entrainment) System
Audio-Visual Entrainment uses rhythmic pulses of light and sound to gradually and safely guide brain waves toward specific patterns. This method increases cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism, enhancing neuronal performance.
The Delight Pro device supports 25 predefined protocols categorized into Energize, Meditate, Brain Brightener, Sleep, and Mood Booster. Light and sound intensities are adjustable, and additional custom sessions can be created using the DAVID Session Editor.
The device also supports simultaneous CES (Cranial Electrical Stimulation), in two modes (Both with adjustable current intensity):
- CES synchronized with AVE frequencies
- CES at a constant 100 Hz
- Starstim tDCS/tACS/tRNS System
The Starstim 8-channel stimulator by Neuroelectrics (Spain) supports tDCS, tACS, and tRNS, along with EEG recording before, during, and after stimulation using a lightweight wireless cap. Additional features include rechargeable operation, advanced software, user-friendly design, safety functions, Sham and Double-Blind stimulation modes, making it ideal for research applications.
C. Cognitive Software
- CAPTAN LOG Software
CAPTAN LOG is a multidimensional cognitive rehabilitation tool designed to enhance a wide range of cognitive functions. It evaluates individuals across nine cognitive domains and recommends personalized training programs. The system allows tailored, comprehensive training plans for individuals aged 5 and older and targets 22 cognitive components through structured exercises.
- V.A. (Integrated Visual and Auditory) Test
The IVA is a 13-minute continuous performance test assessing two core components: response control and attention. Based on DSM-IV criteria, it differentiates ADHD subtypes, including inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined, and NOS. The test also measures five types of attention: focused, sustained, selective, divided, and alternating. It is suitable for individuals aged six and above.